Researchers at the University of California–Irvine have found that regular exposure to essential oils via diffusion may significantly enhance cognitive performance, particularly in older adults. The study, published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, suggests that even brief olfactory stimulation can lead to measurable improvements in brain function. This matters because age-related cognitive decline is a growing concern, and low-cost, accessible interventions like aromatherapy could offer a simple yet effective way to mitigate these effects.
The Study Design and Results
The research involved 43 participants aged 60–85 who used a diffuser at home for six months. Half of the group diffused essential oils for two hours each night, while the control group used a diffuser with distilled water. The essential oils rotated weekly between seven scents: rose, orange, eucalyptus, lemon, peppermint, rosemary, and lavender.
Before and after the trial, participants underwent neuropsychological assessments (word recall, memory tests) and fMRI scans. The results showed that the essential oil group experienced a 226% improvement in cognitive performance, specifically in verbal learning and memory, compared to the control group. Researchers concluded that minimal olfactory enrichment is sufficient to boost cognition and neural function.
Why This Works: The Science Behind the Scents
The benefits likely stem from the direct link between the olfactory system and brain regions involved in memory and cognition. Stimulating the sense of smell activates neural pathways that strengthen cognitive function. Neuroscientist Tara Swart, M.D., Ph.D., explains that exposing oneself to a greater variety of scents can create physical changes in the brain, improving thinking, verbal skills, and memory.
Evening exposure may be particularly effective, as the olfactory nerve can be stimulated gently for approximately eight hours without interruption. However, prolonged or excessive exposure to essential oils should be avoided; timed-release diffusers or sessions capped at two hours are recommended.
How to Incorporate Aromatherapy into Your Routine
The beauty of this research is that it suggests a low-cost, low-effort intervention that many people find enjoyable. While diffusers are convenient, scent stimulation can be achieved in other ways:
- Relaxing Candles: Opt for clean-burning candles with sleep-promoting scents like lavender or chamomile.
- Room Sprays: Spray a relaxing scent near surfaces (pillows, blankets) to ensure consistent exposure.
- Shower Steam: Add a few drops of essential oils to the corners of a warm shower for fragrant steam inhalation.
Conclusion
A new study indicates that two hours of evening aromatherapy can improve cognitive performance and brain function. This simple, accessible practice offers a potential tool for supporting cognitive health, particularly as we age. By incorporating scent stimulation into your nightly routine, you may be able to strengthen your brain and preserve your sense of smell over the long term.
