The commonly cited “normal” body temperature of 98.6°F is more of an average than a strict rule. Individual temperatures naturally fluctuate, ranging from approximately 97°F to 99°F depending on age, activity level, and even the time of day. A slightly lower-than-average temperature isn’t automatically cause for alarm, and research suggests that the average human body temperature may even be decreasing over time—potentially settling around 97.5°F. This trend may be linked to increased time spent in climate-controlled environments, or shifts in overall metabolic rates.
However, when body temperature drops too low—typically below 95°F—it can signal a serious medical issue. This is because a severely low temperature interferes with the body’s ability to function, impacting vital organs like the heart and nervous system.
Key Causes of Low Body Temperature
Several factors can contribute to a dangerously low body temperature, including:
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Hypothermia: Prolonged exposure to cold temperatures can overwhelm the body’s ability to generate and retain heat. Infants and the elderly are particularly vulnerable due to less efficient thermoregulation. Severe cases, such as being stranded in freezing conditions, require immediate medical attention. Prevention includes dressing warmly and avoiding alcohol consumption in cold weather, as alcohol dilates blood vessels and accelerates heat loss.
If you suspect hypothermia, get out of the cold, remove wet clothing, bundle up in blankets, and sip warm beverages. Do not apply direct heat. -
Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland can disrupt hormone production, leading to a lower-than-normal body temperature and increased sensitivity to cold. If you consistently feel cold despite appropriate clothing, discuss thyroid testing with your doctor.
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Medications: Certain drugs, including some antipsychotics, can have a side effect of lowering body temperature. If you’re taking medication and notice a consistent drop in temperature, consult your physician.
How to Measure Temperature Accurately
Getting a reliable reading is crucial. Digital thermometers are preferred. Oral and rectal readings are generally the most accurate, while temporal artery (forehead) or armpit/ear thermometers may be less precise.
- Ensure the thermometer makes full skin contact.
- Hold it still until it beeps.
- Take multiple readings to confirm consistency.
When to Seek Medical Attention
A temperature of 97°F is not typically concerning if you feel well. However, consistently reading below 97°F, especially with accompanying symptoms, warrants a doctor’s visit.
Call 911 immediately if you or someone else experiences:
- Shivering
- Slurred speech
- Slow or rapid breathing
- Weak or fast pulse
- Drowsiness, confusion, or memory loss
- Loss of consciousness
- Bright red, cold skin (in infants)
The Bottom Line
While a slightly lower-than-average body temperature is often harmless, a sustained drop below 95°F can be life-threatening. Accurate monitoring and prompt medical intervention are essential when dealing with dangerously low temperatures. Understanding the potential causes and knowing when to seek help can make a critical difference.
